Graham's Law of Effusion provides the relation Rate A / Rate B = sqrt(M_B / M_A).

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Multiple Choice

Graham's Law of Effusion provides the relation Rate A / Rate B = sqrt(M_B / M_A).

Explanation:
Graham's law connects how fast a gas sample effuses to its molar mass. At the same temperature and pressure, lighter molecules move faster, and the rate of effusion through a small hole is proportional to that molecular speed. Since average speed scales as the square root of temperature over molar mass, and temperature is the same for both gases, the rate is proportional to 1/√M. Therefore the ratio of rates for gas A to gas B is (Rate_A / Rate_B) = √(M_B / M_A). This reflects the fact that a lighter gas (smaller M_A) has a larger rate compared to a heavier one (larger M_B). The other forms either drop the square root, swap the masses, or square the ratio, which would not match the underlying kinetic theory.

Graham's law connects how fast a gas sample effuses to its molar mass. At the same temperature and pressure, lighter molecules move faster, and the rate of effusion through a small hole is proportional to that molecular speed. Since average speed scales as the square root of temperature over molar mass, and temperature is the same for both gases, the rate is proportional to 1/√M. Therefore the ratio of rates for gas A to gas B is (Rate_A / Rate_B) = √(M_B / M_A). This reflects the fact that a lighter gas (smaller M_A) has a larger rate compared to a heavier one (larger M_B). The other forms either drop the square root, swap the masses, or square the ratio, which would not match the underlying kinetic theory.

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